Some 80 million years ago, the late Cretaceous oceans were patrolled by 17-meter mosasaurs, long-necked plesiosaurs, and massive, predatory sharks. For decades, the paleontological consensus was that this was the age of vertebrates; anything without a backbone was lunch.
However, a new Science paper argues there was another apex predator lurking in the depths, and it didn’t have a single bone in its body. Researchers have uncovered the fossilized remains of ancient, finned octopuses that likely reached lengths of up to 19 meters. They were armed with powerful, hardened beaks and likely had high intelligence.
Reverse 3D printing
“Before this study, Cretaceous marine ecosystems were generally understood as worlds in which large vertebrate predators occupied the top of the food web,” said Yasuhiro Iba, a paleontologist at Hokkaido University and co-author of the study. Invertebrates, on the other hand, were seen as prey that evolved protective structures such as hard shells in response to predation. Octopuses were especially difficult to evaluate because they rarely fossilize. “Our study changes that picture,” Iba said.
